Deep Dives

For years, vulnerability management has revolved around a familiar ritual: scan, score, sort, patch. At the center of that ritual sat CVSS, a single numerical expression of danger that promised clarity in a chaotic threat landscape. Over time, that promise hardened into dependency. CVSS scores became policy triggers, SLA benchmarks, and executive talking points. Yet as systems grew more interconnected and attacks more adaptive, the gap between what CVSS measured and what defe

Python’s widespread use for automation and scripting is a double-edged sword: it accelerates workflow development but expands the attack surface of automation platforms. In the context of n8n , a popular open-source workflow automation tool, Python execution has historically been a security challenge. The vulnerability tracked as CVE-2025-68668  prompted n8n to remove in-process Pyodide execution and harden defaults to reduce unsafe sandboxing paths. However, CVE-2026-0863  d

INTRODUCTION CVE-2025-68668 is a sandbox bypass vulnerability in n8n , an open source workflow automation platform widely used for internal tooling, integrations, and automation pipelines. The flaw affects n8n versions from 1.0.0 up to, but not including, 2.0.0 , and allows an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the host running n8n . At the center of this issue is the Python Code Node , which reli